Role of benzalkonium chloride in DNA strand breaks in human corneal epithelial cells
- نوع فایل : کتاب
- زبان : انگلیسی
- مؤلف : Juan Ye & Han Wu & Huina Zhang & Yihua Wu & Jun Yang & Xiuming Jin & Xin Shi
- چاپ و سال / کشور: 2011
Description
Purpose To investigate the toxic effects of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a preservative commonly used in ophthalmic preparations, on DNA single- and double-strand breaks in immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCEs). Methods HCEs were treated with BAC in concentrations ranging from 0.00005% to 0.001% for 30 min. Cells were examined immediately after BAC exposure and after 24-h recovery. Alkaline comet assay was used to detect DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs). Immunofluorescence microscope detection of the phosphorylated form of histone variant H2AX (ãH2AX) foci indicated DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Cell viability was measured by the MTT test. Results A significant increase of SSBs, detected by alkaline comet assay, was observed in a dose-dependent manner with BAC exposure in HCEs at concentrations of 0.00005% and higher. Such BAC treatment also exhibited a dose-dependent increase in DSBs, evaluated by number of ãH2AX foci. In addition, a significant change in the relative cell survival rate of HCEs was observed after exposure to 0.001% BAC for 30 min. Although the toxic effects of BAC could be partly repaired after 24 h of cell recovery, SSBs and DSBs in HCEs were still present after BAC removal. Conclusions The results demonstrated that exposure to BAC in HCEs, even at low concentrations, could induce DNA strand breaks, which were present after BAC removal. Cell survival analysis indicated that BAC-induced DNA damage was correlated with the cytotoxic effects.
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol DOI 10.1007/s00417-011-1755-0 Received: 15 February 2011 / Revised: 22 April 2011 / Accepted: 28 July 2011
