ایجاد فرصت های شغلی و غنی سازی کار خانوادگی: نقش مثبت مشارکت در درون سازمان Job Crafting and Work-Family Enrichment: The Role of Positive Intrinsic Work Engagement

Introduction Over the past decades there has been an augmented curiosity in the relationship between work and family domains. The reason could be attributed to the working population who is caught in a time crunch in this 24*7 work culture and is unable to find solutions for the work-family related challenges (Robinson et al., 2016). To address the issues of work and family domains, the literature has witnessed a remarkable increase in the work-family focused studies. Rooted in role theory (Yavas et al., 2008), the nature of work-family literature can be bifurcated into negative and positive associations between work and home domains. The scarcity hypothesis or depletion argument proposes negative work-family interdependencies i.e. conflict while the positive interplay between work and family such i.e. work-family enrichment is supported by role-expansion approach. This approach posits that multiple roles may actually be synergistic where success in one role buffers the failures in other and resources in one role enhance the involvement in other (Akkermans and Tims, 2016). Though the work-family conflict perspective has attracted researchers for around last three decades, the concept of work-family enrichment stunned the researchers by proposing that work and family can be friends too. Amidst conflict focused studies, the concept of work-family enrichment questioned the conflict perspective (Greenhaus and Powell, 2006) and gave a new direction to work-family literature. Work-family enrichment is defined as “the extent to which experiences in one role improve the quality of life in the other role” (Greenhaus and Powell, 2006, p. 73). Published studies have confirmed that the constructs of work-family conflict and work-family enrichment are unique and can occur at the same time. Hence, the absence of work-family conflict cannot be termed as work-family enrichment and vice-versa. Despite similar level of importance of both the constructs, in comparison to work-family conflict, the positive work-family interface related studies continue to be under represented in the literature even ten years after the introduction of the enrichment concept (Crain and Hammer, 2013).