خدمات نرم افزاری برای حمایت از مدیریت بحران از راه دور Software Services for supporting Remote Crisis Management

1. INTRODUCTION The world in various places is now facing a multitude of crises that may affect human health, climate, and environment (Son and Thanh, 2018). A crisis is defined as the appearance of a state of disorder, abnormal, dysfunction, deep imbalance, serious disorder (Girard et al., 2006). Crisis management is “a series of functions or processes to identify, study and forecast crisis issues, and set forth specific ways that would enable an organization to prevent or cope with a crisis (Kash and Darling, 1998)”. Crisis management is a complex topic since it needs the best understanding of the involved phenomena with its consequences (including scenarios, events, and outcomes), the knowledge of the underlying processes and the considered root causes analysis (Jensen and Aven, 2018). Crisis can be caused by two types of major risks (Table1). The resolutions of all these crises have a common denominator: crisis management to return to a normal situation and also minimize the consequences of such a crisis in a safe and effective manner (Vardarlıare, 2016). A good crisis management requires a number of preconditions. It must be planned, prepared and executed in the appropriate way and this process can be divided into three main stages, as shown in Figure 1: (1) dissemination of the alert message, (2) evacuation and (3) protection of evacuated areas (crisis recovery) in order to save more lives and to reduce the severity of collateral and environmental damage (Zhou et al., 2017; Devlin, 2006) In emergency contexts, the remote medical activities delivered by telemedicine are interesting for the protection of human life in crisis management. The crisis managers and actors will thus be better equipped to face risk and sensitive situations and to reduce the impact of the complex medical problems caused by the natural or industrial risks. In addition, the development of telemedicine software and platforms have made significant advances in recent years, involving a substantial increase in the number of communications and network collaboration tools. So, there is a strong need for interoperable information systems to facilitate their effective communication which involves the sharing and exchange of data between these systems (Patient medical record, X-ray image, medical analysis data, etc.). The main objective of this study is to provide a new methodological framework for remote crisis management integrating information modeling on the collaboration of telemedicine acts. This methodology is based on a formal specification of information flows and how to exploit them to provide crisis managers with relevant ways for collaboration towards critical decisionmaking. The application of this methodology highlights two main interests: (1) the strengthening of remote collaboration based on existing of telemedicine software (Saidi et al., 2018) and (2) the improvement of medical attention in order to reduce the number of deaths due to lack of medical assistance (ASIP, 2012). Knowing that such medical attention can be done during the transport phase of the victims and also with a remote support from health structures to fill the lack of medical professionals or specialists.