شهر های هوشمند برای تندرستی: اشتغال جوانان و مهارت های آنها در رایانه Smart cities for wellbeing: youth employment and their skills on computers

1. Introduction Sustainable development is related to social issues as well as environmental and economic ones. In addition, technological and communication issues are also closely involved in that they boost sustainability in all of these areas. “A Smart City is a city seeking to address public issues via ICT-based solutions on the basis of a multi-stakeholder, municipally based partnership” (European Union, 2014 Directorate General for Internal Policies. Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy). Another interesting definition can be found in Angelidou (2015), Komninos (2015) and Mora, Bolici and Deakin (2017). Smart cities are a key point for urban sustainable development, which is focused on achieving more inclusive, egalitarian and just societies, where the wellbeing of the people is the main objective. They target “smart” development by means of improving information and communication technologies (ICTs) in their area. The spread of ICTs aims to improve the wellbeing of people living in these urban areas by creating a “smart” environment accessible to everyone, which means achieving a more inclusive society. Then, it could be stated that achieving a more inclusive society could be considered one of the most important reasons for supporting the so called “smart cities”. Despite the great differences on the definition about what a smart city is, there is a common agreement on their intrinsic character linked to sustainable development and ICTs for all, according EU 2020 goals (European Union, 2010). Actually, a smart life is the one that makes people feel and live better (Ho et al., 2015). The literature on smart cities is wide and multidisciplinary (Bibri and Krogstie, 2017), and some authors underlined the importance of the integration of technical and social perspectives (Levy and Ellis, 2006; Webster and Watson, 2002). Some definitions are provided in Table I. This is the “smart era” (Lyons, 2016), where a great number of devices around are called “smart”. But the real smartness is not in the devices themselves, in fact, it is in the way they are used, to achieve well-being and avoid inequalities, exclusion and poverty. “Intelligent Communities are those which have –whether through crisis or foresight– come to understand the enormous challenges of the Broadband Economy, and have taken conscious steps to create an economy capable of prospering in it” (Intelligent Community Forum)[1].