مدل هوشمند IoT در محیط خانه هوشمند برای جلوگیری از آتش سوزی و ایمنی IoT-Based Intelligent Modeling of Smart Home Environment for Fire Prevention and Safety

1. Introduction In recent years, fire detection has become a very big issue, as it has caused severe damage including the loss of human lives. Sometimes, these incidents are more destructive when the fire spreads to the surroundings. Early detection of a fire event is an effective way to save lives and reduce property damage. To escape a fiery place and to douse the fire source, the fire must be detected at its initial stage. The installation of a fire alarm system is the most convenient way to detect a fire early and avoid losses. Fire alarms consist of different devices working together that have the ability to detect fire and alert people through visual and audio appliances. The detection devices (i.e., heat, smoke, and gas detectors) detect events and activate the alarm automatically, or sometimes the alarms are activated manually. The alarm may consist of bells, mountable sounders, or horns. Most of the fire alarm systems use the technology of a wireless sensor network (WSN). WSNs have gained popularity because they have a variety of uses in different applications, such as target tracking [1,2], localization [3], healthcare [4,5], Smart Transpiration [6], environmental monitoring, and industrial automation [7]. WSN is also used in collecting data and monitoring, both autonomously or with the help of users [8,9]. WSN applications also help human and animals [10,11] and are also used for industrial purposes, for example, underground pipeline monitoring. In a WSN, sensor devices are often very tiny, battery-powered, and densely populated with the functionality of monitoring several parameters of the environment. The sensed data are sent to the main collecting unit (i.e., the sink, cluster head etc.) for processing [8]. WSNs used for fire detection systems also have the same functional properties. Each sensor detects rising heat, smoke, or gas in some spots in a home and generate san alert in its head node in a network. The head node collects reports from various sensors and identifies the presence of a fire. Next, different heads coordinate the received inputs and consult with a remote command center to plan a response that may consist in a simple fire alarm generation or in complicated evacuation methods. Numerous technologies based on WSN have already been proposed to detect fire. Some of them are stand-alone with WSN, and some have hybrid technologies. There are many event detection systems, which help to identify heat, gas, and smoke.