مدیریت منابع انسانی سبز: چارچوبی برای توسعه سازمانی پایدار Green human resource management: a framework for sustainable organizational development in an emerging economy

1. Introduction With increasing environmental ramifications, organizations globally are expected to take responsibility for environmental management (Rondinelli and Berry, 2000). As per economists the environmental management is a priority for India since increasing industrialization, entrepreneurial nature, and foreign investment will promote the growth of Indian economy, but at the same time it will demand more resources and will contribute to environmental pollution. A recent study by the World Bank reports that the environmental degradation costs India about $80 billion a year, India has13 out of 20 most polluted cities, and 23% of its child deaths could be attributed to environmental factors (Mallet, Financial Times, July 2013). As per the Twelfth Five Year plan, Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) contribute to over 40% industrial production and over 45% of India’s export but also account for substantial pollution load of India. India is already experiencing dangerous environmental conditions. In the recent past, India has faced several natural calamities (List of natural disaster, 2016) such as the landslide in Pune (2014), floods in Chennai (2015), a massive earthquake of magnitude 8.2 Richter in the Himalayan region and of magnitude 6.7 Richter in Manipur (2016), and large-scale fire destructing Uttarakhand forests (2016) etc. Experts have claimed exploitation of natural resources as one of the key cause of such calamities. Hence, to avoid further environmental deterioration due to the exploitation of natural resources, it becomes organization’s responsibility to plan sustainable development and facilitate environmental growth. Moreover, organizations may also benefit from adopting environmental management interventions as research has found that pro-environmental activities have a positive relation with employer branding, public image, marketing opportunities, improved sales, potential cost saving, and competitive advantage (Khanna and Anton, 2002; Christmann, 2000; Shrivastava, 1995). Environmental management is considered as an offshoot of a broader accounting agenda, known as ‘triple bottom line,’ which integrates social, environmental and financial aspects (Elkington, 2006). Triple bottom line analyzes an organization’s performance in a broader perspective rather than being restricted to profit-making. The environmental dimension refers to attaining a balance between organizational growth and conserving natural resources for future generations (Daily and Huang, 2001; Jennings and Zandbergen, 1995; Ramus, 2002).