تکنیک های برخورد ترافیکی در جمهوری چکسلواکی Traffic Conflict Techniques in Czech Republic

۱٫ Introduction The traditional approach in road safety is monitoring quantitative and qualitative characteristics of traffic accidents on the road network, evaluating them, and appropriate measures, mostly building character. The whole process of solving accident sites is summarized in the Methodology to identify and manage places of frequent accidents, published by the Transport Research Centre in 2001. This traditional method has a high time and financial demand: a typical time traffic monitoring and evaluation of the security situation are 3 years. Monitoring of traffic conflicts in the Czech Republic is less traditional method of monitoring traffic. This is a monitoring and evaluation of conflict situations in real traffic. A well accepted definition of traffic conflict is “an observe situation which two or more road users approach each other in space and time to such an extent that there is a risk of collision if their movements remain unchanged”, in Kocourek [2]. The research is focused on traffic conflicts as an alternative to accident data. Conflicts occur far more frequently in traffic and can include the whole range of incidences where the actual accident is just at one end of the scale. Techniques range from subjective to the more objective where conflicts are rated by measurements such as time to collision or post encroachment time. The advantage of traffic conflict techniques is that it can detect problems before accidents occur alone. While monitoring and evaluation of accidents is in the order of years, the conflicts that are more numerous, are working in a matter of days or weeks. Monitoring of conflict is not only more efficient (time and money), but humane – safety of the site can be addressed before there are accidents, injuries, death and societal damage. ۲٫ Traffic conflict techniques The method of traffic conflicts is in comparison with the traditional identification of safety from traffic accidents time and financial more efficient. But in Czech Republic there is not consistent methodology for monitoring of traffic conflicts yet. View of project KONFLIKT (“Methodology for monitoring and evaluation of traffic conflicts in the Czech Republic”) is to create a practical tool for assessing and addressing road safety in the Czech Republic. On the project are working together Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Transportation Sciences and Transport Research Centre. The task on project will take three years and will consist of several parts of research (key parts are literature search, pilot observation, and creation methodology for observation of traffic conflicts). ۲٫۱ Literature search In the beginning of the project there was performed literature search. Traffic conflict techniques (TCT) are used more then 40 years in the world. In the literature search we came out of two quid from USA from Mr. Parker and Mr. Zegeer: [3 and 4]. The material originated from the research of traffic conflict in USA in year 1986 – ۱۹۸۸ and is focused on monitoring of traffic conflicts on the basic types of level crossings. There are established the basic criteria for selection of crossing for following the traffic conflict, for engineers it provide the basic back ground information and standard procedures which are needed to incorporate traffic conflict studies into daily routine practice. The guide contains step-by-step instructions for using traffic conflicts to analyze safety and operational problems at intersections. Included are guidelines for training observers, conducting the survey, analyzing conflict data and interpreting the results to make decisions and recommendations. Each procedure is supplemented with illustrative examples. Traffic conflict studies can be used to identify abnormal conflict situations, diagnose specific unsafe conditions, select corrective treatments, and evaluate the effectiveness of countermeasures without having to wait a long time for additional accidents to occur. For monitoring it is important to appropriately train observes. Manual describes in detail how to train observes. Manual contains definitions of traffic conflicts which typically occur at intersections as well as step-bystep instructions for conducting the survey.