هندبوک ASM حجم 22A - اصول مدلسازی برای پردازش فلزات ASM Handbook, Volume 22A - Fundamentals of Modeling for Metals Processing

This Handbook provides an overview of the development of models of metallic materials and how the materials are affected by processing. This knowledge is central to understanding the behavior of existing alloys and the development of new materials that affect nearly every manufacturing industry. Background on fundamental modeling methods provides the user with a solid foundation of the underlying physics that support the mechanistic method of many industrial simulation software packages. The phenomenological method is given equal coverage. Content: Front Matter • Preface • Table of Contents • Interactive Graphs Table  (484) •Introduction 1. Introduction to Fundamentals of Modeling for Metals Processing 2. Integrated Computational Materials Engineering 3. Model Quality Management •Fundamentals of Process Modeling 4. Modeling of Deformation Processes - Slab and Upper Bound Methods 5. Modeling with the Finite-Element Method 6. Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling 7. Transport Phenomena during Solidification 8. Modeling of Vapor-Phase Processes 9. Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficients for Thermal Modeling 10. Interface Effects for Deformation Processes 11. Heat-Transfer Interface Effects for Solidification Processes •Fundamentals of the Modeling of Microstructure and Texture Evolution 12. Modeling Diffusion in Binary and Multicomponent Alloys 13. Diffusivity and Mobility Data 14. Localization Parameter for the Prediction of Interface Structures and Reactions 15. Models for Martensitic Transformations 16. Modeling of Nucleation Processes 17. Models of Recrystallization 18. Crystal-Plasticity Fundamentals 19. Self-Consistent Modeling of Texture Evolution 20. Crystal-Scale Simulations Using Finite-Element Formulations 21. Cellular Automaton Models of Recrystallization 22. Monte Carlo Models for Grain Growth and Recrystallization 23. Network and Vertex Models for Grain Growth 24. Phase-Field Microstructure Modeling 25. Modeling of Microstructure Evolution during Solidification Processing •Fundamentals of the Modeling of Damage Evolution and Defect Generation 26. Modeling and Simulation of Cavitation during Hot Working 27. Modeling of Cavity Initiation and Early Growth during Superplastic and Hot Deformation 28. Models for Fracture during Deformation Processing 29. Modeling of Hot Tearing and other Defects in Casting Processes •Phenomenological or Mechanistic Models for Mechanical Properties 30. Modeling of Tensile Properties 31. Modeling of Creep 32. Microstructure-Sensitive Modeling and Simulation of Fatigue 33. Modeling Creep Fatigue 34. Modeling Fatigue Crack Growth 35. Neural-Network Modeling •Material Fundamentals 36. Phase Equilibria and Phase Diagram Modeling 37. Internal-State Variable Modeling of Plastic Flow 38. Constitutive Models for Superplastic Flow 39. Electronic Structure Methods Based on Density Functional Theory •Modeling of Microstructures 40. Simulation of Microstructural Evolution in Steels 41. Simulation of Microstructure and Texture Evolution in Aluminum Sheet 42. Modeling of Microstructure Evolution during the Thermomechanical Processing of Titanium Alloys 43. Modeling and Simulation of Texture Evolution during the Thermomechanical Processing of Titanium Alloys 44. Application of Neural-Network Models 45. Modeling of Microstructure Evolution during the Thermomechanical Processing of Nickel-Base Superalloys •Physical Data on the Elements and Alloys• 46. Periodic Table of Elements • 47. Periodic System for Ferrous Metallurgists • 48. Physical Constants and Physical Properties of the Elements • 49. Density of Metals and Alloys • Table 1. Density of metals and alloys Table  (419) • 50. Linear Thermal Expansion of Metals and Alloys • Table 1. Linear thermal expansion of selected metals and alloys Table  (189) • 51. Thermal Conductivity of Metals and Alloys • Table 1. Thermal conductivity of selected metals and alloys Table  (202) • 52. Electrical Conductivity of Metals and Alloys • Table 1. Electrical conductivity and resistivity of selected metals and alloys at ambient temperature Table  (181) • 53. Vapor Pressures of the Elements • Table 1. Vapor pressures of selected metallic elements Table  (192) •Reference Information• 54. Metric Conversion Guide 55. Thermodynamics 56. Heat-Transfer Equations 57. Fluid Dynamic Equations 58. Differential Calculus and Equations 59. Integral Calculus 60. Laplace Transformations • Glossary of Terms Index