فراتر از جامعه شناسی را برج بابل: بازسازی روش علمی (جامعه شناسی تخیل و تغییر ساختاری) Beyond Sociology's Tower of Babel: Reconstructing the Scientific Method (Sociological Imagination and Structural Change,)

The Babel tower of the title is the author's image for the current fragmentation of sociology into forty sections that rarely follow the scientific ideal of attempting to communicate with one another. Refusing to accept that situation as given, Dr. Phillips follows the Millsian precedent, offering here a vision of how sociologists might move toward "the sociological imagination" by building bridges connecting those sections. Such a vision draws heavily on the work of classical and con- temporary theorists, on quantitative and qualitative methodologists, on philosophers and historians of science, on postmodernist critiques and responses to postmodernism, and on substantive research in diverse areas. Conflict theorists, functionalists, symbolic interactionists, ethnomethodologists, exchange or rational choice theorists, and critical theorists should feel equally at home in the author's approach. Yet this is no eclectic collection of ideas. It is, rather, a highly systematic approach aimed at procedures that the entire discipline can employ to fulfill its ideals for the scientific method. Going far beyond a programmatic effort to sketch what prevents sociologists from dismantling their tower of Babel and what might be done in the future, Phillips sets forth a second, heuristic image, that of a "web." He presents one illustration after another to document each aspect of a web approach to the scientific method, an approach that opens up to the theories and methods that have been developed within every substantive area of the discipline. His approach is similar to other developments of a synthetic orientation that would link "micro" with "macro" phenomena. To the extent that the utility of the web approach holds up to empirical testing and comes to be established, it holds out to sociologists the promise of achieving the cumulative development and credibility that are hallmarks of any science. The book will be useful for courses in method, in the classical tradition of sociology, and in undergraduate seminars where the theoretical underpinnings of the discipline are taken up. CONTENTS Preface. Introduction. Part I. The Scientific Method: Bureaucratic and Interactive Paradigms. 1. Sociology and the Scientific Method. Problems with Bureaucratic Science. A Scientific Method for Sociology. 2. Cultural and Sociological Paradigms. Cultural Paradigms and Worldviews . Sociology's Paradigm. Part II. Illustrating the Web Approach to the Scientific Method. 3. The Invisible Crisis of Modern Society. 4. Addressing The Invisible Crisis. Interaction and the Crisis: General. Interaction and the Crisis: Specific. Part III. Some Implications for Sociology. 5. Reflexivity. Toward a Reflexive Sociology. Basic Research . Applied Research. Teaching. Toward Reflexive Teaching . 6. Social Technology: Language. Strengthening Linguistic Tools . Back to the Future. Some Concluding Remarks. Bibliography. Index